China and Japan in East Asian economic development Term Paper

China and Japan in East Asian economic development - Term Paper Example In 1960, the GDP of ASEAN + 3 was approximately 40% of US GDP, with Japan contributing more than 80% of total East Asian GDP, followed by China (Mainland only), with not quite 8%. In 2000, the GDP of ASEAN + 3 was approximately 75% of US GDP, with Japan contributing more than 60% of total GDP, followed by China (Mainland only), which contributed somewhat more than 15%. Japan also leads in GDP per capita among East Asian economies, with almost US$50,000 in 2000 (at market exchange rates), followed by Singapore at US$30,000. In contrast, Mainland China’s GDP per capita was less than US$900 in 2000 (Lau, 2003, p.4) Even though politically and socially two entirely different countries, (China is a communist country whereas Japan is a democratic country), China and Japan play a pivotal role in controlling Asian economy in general and East Asian economy in particular. Even though India, South Korea etc are some other prominent economies in Asia, no other country seems to be as effec tive as China or Japan as far as the influence in Asian economy is concerned. Both China and Japan adopt different methods and philosophies for attaining economic growth. â€Å"Japan is all about the way of doing things. China is all about finding a way to do things† (The difference between China and Japan, 2007). It is often said that Japan gives more priority to quality whereas China gives more priority to quantity because of the superior quality of Japanese products and the bulk quantities of products produced by China. In other words, China tries to reap more profits with the help of bulk production and cheaper prices whereas Japan tries to grow with the help of superior products of higher prices. In the consumer world, Japan stands as a sign of quality whereas China stands as a sign of quantity. It should be noted that some of the reputed brands in global market have its origin in Japan. For example, Sony, Mitsubishi, Toyota, Honda, etc are some of the popular Japanese b rands not only in Asia, but also all over the world. At the same time Chinese products are popular for cheaper prices rather than superior quality. It is difficult for Japanese or American companies to compete with Chinese products in global markets as far as prices are concerned. In short, Japan and China play a vital role in controlling East Asian economy. This paper analyses the role of Japan and China is East Asian economic development. Role of Japan and China in East Asian economic development Japan achieved an average annual rate of growth of real GDP in excess of 10 percent during the decade of 1960-1970 (in fact, between 1955 and 1975). However, due to the two oil shocks, the average annual rates of growth in the two subsequent decades declined significantly to less than 5%. And since 1990 the average annual rate of growth has been below 2%. Despite the considerable slowdown in the Japanese economy during the past decade, China was able to achieve an average annual rate of g rowth of almost 10% over the past two decades, a performance comparable to that of Japan between 1955 and 1972) (Lau, 2003, p.7) Japan was the leading player in Asia until couple of decades before. They were instrumental in shaping the economies of many other Asian countries. They provided lavish grants and financial aids to many of the other Asian counties like South Korea, India, Vietnam, Philippines etc. In India a huge drinking water supply project is still functioning. Moreover, in the 1970’s Japan provided a Yen loan to South Koreas first subway project which helped South Korea immensely in increasing its transportation facilities. â€Å"In the subway network system project, new model subway trains, manufactured under a joint venture between Korean and foreign companies, were introduced. In the course of the joint venture, the Korean manufacturer of the subway trains learned new technology†(East Asia’s economic developm

Paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Paper 2 - Essay Example At the beginning of the story the readers are mislead to believe that Mrs. Mallard â€Å"was afflicted with a heart trouble† (Chopin 2009). Within the context of the whole story â€Å"heart trouble† has a double meaning. The author here tries to hint that the heart trouble might not be the heart disease that Mrs. Mallard is thought to suffer from. Besides the literal meaning, heart troubles are also connected to the feelings and inner spirituality of people. The use of the passive voice â€Å"was afflicted† speaks about the impossibility of Mrs. Mallard to act as she wishes. And because of her faint heart Josephine – her sister and Richards – a close family friend, reveal her â€Å"gently† the heart-breaking news of her husband’s death. They way in which her sister delivers her the news is in â€Å"broken sentences†. Broken sentences contrast with the fear of her family to break her heart. The use of oxymoron – â€Å"rev ealed in half concealing† suggests that the revelation of the death of her husband, conceals Mrs. Mallard’s inner feelings. Someone else’s feelings are also concealed in this paragraph. Mrs. Mallard’s husband’s friend Richards is depicted as impatient. Unclear clues are scattered throughout the paragraph. Richards assures himself of the truth, he hastens to Mrs. Mallard’s home and uses â€Å"less careful, less tender† language to bear her the â€Å"sad message†. There is an opposition here. â€Å"Less careful† might mean that Richards is both clumsy and rough man, but it can mean that he also conceals his feelings for Mrs. Mallard, as she is already married. By being less tender he will show to Mrs. Mallard that he has a strong personality and emotions to her. The â€Å"sad message† is employed ironically here. It is both ironic and sarcastic that sad message can bring happiness to two people

Answering the Quastion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answering the Quastion - Essay Example Domestic violence is a social crime because it leads to severe mental problems and psychological breakdowns due to which the victimized spouse is often considered as an abnormal person. Statistics make us think why mostly women are killers in homicides. The reason is the fact that when husbands physically or mentally abuse their wives, the latter develop such mental problems and anxiety disorders that lead them to kill their husbands and get rid of the abuse once and for all. It is not only a social crime but also a religious crime. Bible stops humans to be abusive toward their life partners. Chopp (239) states in her book, â€Å"†¦we recognize that the church is not immune to such problems as alcohol and sexual abuse.† God wants humans to spread peace and live with love, and nurture family system with care and honesty. Hence, domestic abuse is both a social and a religious crime. Question # 4 Christians have developed ways for thinking about those who are different, and this has lead to strikingly different kinds of treatment of different people. For Christians, it is the message of God to spread love and humanity, and to treat all people on equal basis. No person from another socio-economic or cultural background is inferior. No matter what the background is, all people should share the same status and respect. Christianity encourages thinking about different people in a caring way, which should include right kind of treatment of others. For example, America enjoys a diverse population, and people from different cultural, ethnic, and societal backgrounds live with each other. Students from different backgrounds study together in same schools, and this has lead to the promotion of equality and brotherhood. Christianity encourages that people should treat others with kindness, care, love, and concern, so that such a society must be established where no one feels insecure and unstable. â€Å"God has done God’s part and the rest is up to us,â €  says Moore (69). Hence, it is now our responsibility to devise and implement ways and strategies that should be able to treat all humans from different backgrounds on an equal basis. We should promote justice and fairness in the society, and should resist against racial, sexual, and gender discrimination. This is how different people are treated so that they feel loved and accepted in a strange society. Question # 5 We are living in a post-modern world. Post-modernism has made us understand the realities of life more distinctly and truthfully. It started in later twentieth century, and focuses on the reality of things from a critical point of view. Post-modernism also boosts feminism, and rejects the idea of women being kept at homes for household only. Modernism struggled against the home captivity of women, and post-modernism saw the liberation of women. Not only this, post-modernism has given new meaning to arts, culture, social norms, politics, agriculture, and economics. One aspect of post-modernism is that people are no longer ready to accept things as they are. They have started questioning the realities of life, and do not accept ambiguous realities. This has given rise to research and rejection of olden times’ myths and suppositions. For example, the existence of God has been debated upon in the post-modern world, and it has been proved with facts and logics. â€Å"

Ibrahim Pasha Essay Example for Free

Ibrahim Pasha Essay Ibrahim Pasha makes the sculpturer he found make a sculpture of himself. Kanuni gets very angry with Ibrahim pahsa because of this disrespect of him and doesn’t share his feelings about this with anyone. But later on he shares his feelings with Ibrahim pahsa. As a result of this , he wants to resign since he is afraid of Kanuni’s anger. Then, Ibrahim pahsa comes back to the palace to pick his belongings from his servants. Ibrahim Pasha’s wife Hatice Sultan asks why he is going, whether he will come back to the palace or not. But he doesnt want to say anything about the situation despite of her insists then he leaves. Hatice Sultan has a nightmare, her nightmare is that: her husband is killed by Kanuni and the head of her wife is in a sack on the table . When she wakes up, she cries and goes to the salon; she opens the sack and sees the head of Ibrahim Pasha’s sculpture. She thinks her husband has been killed. Then, she goes to her Kanuni’s palace and asks him whether her husband has been killed or not. Kanuni says he is okay, nevertheless she doesn’t believe. Later, Mustafa leaded on his aunt and she went to her mothers room. When Valide Sultan saw Hatice Sultan, she went to speak with her son for this situation and she teaches that Ibrahim Pasche was well . Later; she mentioned this situation to her sister. I think this part was the resolution of this episode. At the same time, Ibrahim Pasche was together with his twin brother and he confessed that he didnt love Hatice Sultan and he loved Nigar.

Essay --

Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley was born in Somers Town on August 30th of 1797 in London, England. Shortly after her birth her mother died due to puerperal fever, leaving her father William Goodwin to care for her and her three year old half-sister Fanny Imlay. Elanor Ty said, â€Å"Mary became his favorite child. He called her â€Å"pretty little Mary† and relished evidence of her superiority over Fanny.† At the age of seventeen Mary had her first relationship with a man known as Percy Bysshe Shelley who later became her husband. On a cold stormy night in 1816 Percy and Mary spent their time reading about ghost stories and which later prompted Mary to write her first sketch of what is known as today as Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus. At a very young age Mary was encouraged by her father to write. She really grew such a interest in writing, by the time she was nineteen years old she was finished one of the most famous novels ever published known as Frankenstein. Mary wrote a total of six other novels including the most famous novel today Frankenstein. Frankenstein still thrills people of all descents young and old with its suspense. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelly analyzes how Victor Frankenstein creates a monster but in doing so the only real monster he created was himself. Early in the book Victor talks about his early childhood and how Elizabeth had gotten adopted in to his family. Frankenstein was four years old when Elizabeth's mother died. She was soon adopted into the Frankenstein family. Victor’s mother thought that one day Elizabeth and Victor should marry one day. Victor and Elizabeth grew up as best friends. He also met a new school mate friend named Henry Clerval. Victor spent his childhood happily with his two good f... ...became obsessed with his studies. He became very ill and created a monster. He then was nursed back to health and was getting better by his friend Henry. Just as you thought everything was getting better terror struck again. He lost his brother William to the monster. By creating this monster Victor became the monster himself. When he created the monster it killed his brother William, which led to the execution of his friend Justine. The monster later killed his old school mate Henry Clerval, and the love of his life Elizabeth which days later caused the death of his Father. Everyone around him that he loved was dying. The monster knew no better, the monster was lonely and had no place to go so it took revenge in Victor, and everything he loved. Victor was the real monster here by creating one. By creating the monster it caused much devastation throughout his life.

Water and Womanhood in Ancient Greece Essay -- Women in Marine Mytholo

In the times of ancient Greece, there were ample tales, myths, and legends surrounding the realm of the sea; many of which included fearsome beasts, epic struggles, and angered gods. There are tales of vengeance, spite, cruelty, and rage, but there are also those of understanding, compassion, helpfulness, and benevolence. When one subjects many of the more malevolent (and sometimes disturbing) tales to closer inspection, it becomes fairly evident that a great number of these stories use a feminine force in order to display the wraith of the sea and the sea gods or goddesses. In fact, many sea monsters are said to be female including Charybdis and Scylla (the horrors between which Odysseus and his crew must sail through the Strait of Messina), and the sea was often given a female personality and character traits. Ceto, particularly, was the feminine embodiment of the dangers which the sea held, and Amphitrite was one other powerful, feminine sea goddess. The connection between terrors of the sea and the female persona may not be presented with the utmost clarity right away; however, it is possible to use symbolic history, cultural normalities of the time, and a brief glance at the ancient Greek view of sexuality to help discover these mysteries. Symbols for water and womanhood have been known to coincide greatly, essentially since the beginning of the history of recorded symbols. The inverted triangle was an especially prominent emblem when it comes to this matter, as it was used to represent both the flow of water (or sometimes a cup, or chalice), as well as the shape of the female reproductive organs and genitalia. These similarities were not contained only to written symbols, but to rather more abstract symbolism as well. O... ...tainly made theirs far more interesting than many other cultures. Works Cited "Disaster Archaeology - Women in the Marine Mythology of Ancient Mediterranean Their Roles & Symbolisms - By:Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis and Dr. Amanda Laoupi." Disaster Pages of Dr. George PC. Web. . Symbolism between women and water Grimal, Pierre. The Dictionary of Classical Mythology. Oxford, England: Blackwell, 1985. Perseus Digital Library. Web. . Theoi Greek Mythology, Exploring Mythology & the Greek Gods in Classical Literature & Art. Web. . Used for collection of various primary facts Walcot, P. "Greek Attitudes towards Women: The Mythological Evidence." Greece and Rome XXXI.1 (1984). JSTOR. Web. Greek views of sexuality; cultural effects

Impact of Globalization on Total Quality Management

Total quality management (TQM) has been defined as ‘continuous improvement of every production output whether it be a product or a service, by removing inefficient variations and by improving the backbone of the work process’. International managers like their domestic counterparts have found that incorporating the notion of total quality management into their management process and style can give the competitive advantage. A manager’s decision-making process regarding new or increased international operations involves reacting to the environment, seeking competitive advantage globally and assessing the company’s capability in the global context. Globalization makes managers ask certain questions. These questions include: ‘Must we be more International’? ‘Are we capable of becoming more international? ’ ‘How can we improve capability’? ‘What opportunities should we pursue? ’ This sort of questioning which globalization creates will enable the firm to identify specific weak areas and/or general lack of strength. The focus now shifts to expansion. These might include things like internal changes as well as linkages with other organizations that help provide the desired result. Therefore, the options or strategic plans must be selected with caution. Globalization makes management assess the costs and benefits of various possible modes of entry into the global market. In general, the choices can be seen as ranging from no ownership in foreign locations, to joint ventures, to sole ownership of foreign subsidiary. Globalization enables managers to make a lot of choices and decisions regarding improving their output and expanding their business activity. Each of the options they assess has benefits as well as disadvantages that the managers must weigh to make the right choices. Once the managers have made their choice, a plan of action is formulated and executed to achieve the desired foreign activity. The decision process should be assumed to be a kind of iterative process – that is having been through the model once, a manager will periodically return to the first question and repeat the process. This has the effect changing a reactive strategy into a dynamic one. Globalization creates an atmosphere where companies look to embark on international operations which in turn foster a degree of synergy. Having business operations in more than one international location provides the opportunity to transfer learning from one international location to another. The 1990s is considered to be the decade when the new era of the beginning of quality management. This was because during that period of time, firms where facing a high degree of competition, the encroachment of their market share and a depreciation in the perceptions of the quality of their products. Hence, it was necessary to adopt a quality management technique that would override any existing traditional management styles. Literature Review- This brings us to the topic of identififying the Impact of Globalization on Total Quality Management. What has been the impact of Globalization on Total Quality Management†? TQM has played in its origins a decisive role in Globalization. Globalization is a direct consequence of TQM. In 1954, John Foster Dulles, then the US Secretary of State, despised Japan as a commercial threat to USA. â€Å"The Japanese don’t make anything the people in the US would want. Twenty five years later, in 1979, when Japanese car were starting to be built in America, Business Week mocked: â€Å"With [more than] 50 foreign cars on sale here, the Japanese auto industry isn’t likely to carve out a big slice of the US market. † Later it came â€Å"If Japan can†¦ Why can’t we? † broadcasted by NBC in 1980. And Deming. Anyway, as TQM always does, it has to adapt its processes to the needs of the organization (environment) in every moment and circumstance. Globalization is not an exception Globalization has allowed small businesses and major corporations to expand its products and services to the global market. People from all over the world can access products because of the opportunities globalization has provided. Even though some of outcomes of globalization have been controversial, the market has become more competitive than ever, thus creating the high demand for quality management. The fact that globalization has expanded the market for organizations means that TQM is more important than ever before. Customer demands are higher and if a company does not create products and services that meet their expectations they can easily access the same or similar products and services from another company. If managers do not implement TQM into their company procedure then they will fail to meet the high standards of customers all over the world and eventually lose their business. When it comes to implementing TQM, it’s the mangers responsibility to create an environment where people can work together to improve their work processes. If the ownership or senior management does not buy into this concept you will never succeed. Many people in leadership roles are either too set in their ways or closed minded to the necessary change needed to really improve the way things get done. You have to buy into the concept that there is always a better way to do something. By tapping into all the knowledge and experience your employees possess, you develop solutions that not only improve your execution, you provide everyone with a sense of accomplishment.. These â€Å"process improvement teams† give employees a chance to help steer the future direction of their company. The other problem you have in implementing a team concept is the team members themselves. Many people have great ideas but do not feel comfortable sharing them. They would rather be told what to do, this way if something goes wrong it's not their fault. They actually know a better way to do something, but they don't want to stick their neck out for fear of taking responsibility. By creating a team solution everyone has a vested interest in its success, thus everyone becomes responsible. You are collectively working together to implement these changes, so the chances of success are greatly improved. If a company can develop a team concept that permeates through out its entire workforce, they are much better equipped to handle the constant challenges they face. If everyone has a vested interest in the current and future success of their company, the company's best interest would always come first. The real challenge any company faces is making these concepts a reality. The following outlines the pros and cons of globalization on quality: Pros †¢Viewing both the productivity grows quickly when countries produce goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage. Living standards can go up faster. †¢Global competition and cheap imports keep a lid on prices, so inflation is less likely to derail economic growth. An open economy spurs innovation with fresh ideas from abroad. †¢Export jobs often pay more than other jobs. †¢Unfettered capital flows give the US access to foreign investment and keep interest rates low. . The Pros for globalization show that prices will be kept at one set price and that money will be quickly made by all. The help with foreign countries could also speed up technology as well. Technology could help the underdeveloped countries in the long run, and everyone overall economically. Cons: †¢Millions of Americans have lost jobs due to imports or production shifts abroad. Most find new jobs – that pay less. Millions of others fear losing their jobs, especially at those companies operating under competitive pressure. †¢Workers face pay-cut demands from employers, which often threaten to export jobs. †¢Service and white-collar jobs are increasingly vulnerable to operations moving offshore. †¢US employees can loose their comparative advantage when companies build advanced factories in low-wage countries, making them as productive as those at home. The Con list shows that the concerns are that smaller businesses will be put out of business by larger ones. Also stating that only the white-collar or richer people will be making a benefit in the changes. Demonstrations and Applications in the Business World – Total Quality Management at Tyson Foods- Tyson Foods is known for its high quality products such as chicken, pork, and beef to name a few. Tyson Foods has carefully implemented quality management practices to stay ahead of the competition and because their products are closely regulated by government officials. Recently Tyson Foods opened a new laboratory in Arkansas to test and research food safety. The new laboratory has earned two International Organization of Standardization (ISO) certifications which are the ISO 9001-2000 and the ISO 17025. Tyson Foods is responsible for creating and maintaining the highest quality products on the market. Without this seal of approval from the USDA, Tyson Foods could not operate in the United States nor globally and no company would buy their products. TQM is the most important aspect of Tyson Foods' management process because without TQM they would cease to exist. Total Quality Management is very important in today's industry because of the high demand for quality from customers. The competition to create high quality products and services is ever increasing because the market is very large. Customers can find products from anywhere in the world thanks to technology and the internet so this increases the demand for Total Quality Management within companies. If companies want to continue to stay in business selling their products and services to customers they must implement TQM into their business practice or they will fail to meet customer demands and ISO regulations. TQM has become the new wave of management in today's society because the needs, desires, and demands of customers can be easily met by the vast majority of competition. Competition is the hardest thing a company must deal with and to ensure the competition is fair and equal each company must use Total Quality Management to stay ahead of the game. Conclusion & Reflection – In conclusion, as the demands on firms are changing and increasingly requiring more flexible manufacturing and work practices, team work and multi-skilling are essential if firms are to stay competitive. This means training the work force in a variety of skills so that they can react quickly to changes in models and production runs. Moves in other countries to encourage greater cooperation between industry and education are a testament to the benefits that can be derived. Cross-cultural training is also a necessity for any organization in order for it to survive in todays increasingly globalize and quality oriented environment. Also, reflecting back on this assignment and how this class has enhanced my knowledge on quality and how important quality is not only to the consumer, but also how it can set the standard on any particular industry. I also learned that quality at a globalization level is any less important than it is at a local level.